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| Registros recuperados: 41 | |
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| Restiani, Phillia; Betz, Regina. |
| This paper employs a theoretical model to examine compliance incentives and market efficiency under three penalty types: the fixed penalty rate, which uses a constant marginal financial penalty; the make-good provision (quantity penalty), where each missing permit in the current period is to be offset with a ratio (restoration rate) in the following period; and a mixed penalty, which combines the two penalty types. Using a simple two-period model of firm's profit maximisation, we analyse compliance decisions and the efficient penalty level under each penalty type. Firms‟ compliance strategies are modelled as an irreversible investment in abatement measures and permit buying in the market. Our findings indicate that the penalty type does not affect... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Penalty design; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107585 |
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| Fischer, Carolyn. |
| Rate-based emissions policies (like tradable performance standards) fix average emissions intensity, while cap-and-trade policies fix total emissions. This paper shows that unfettered trade between rate-based and cap-and-trade programs always raises combined emissions, except when product markets are related in particular ways. Gains from trade are fully passed on to consumers in the rate-based sector, resulting in more output and greater emissions allocations. We consider a range of policy options to offset the expansion, including unilateral ones when jurisdictional differences require. The cap-and-trade jurisdiction could impose an "exchange rate" to adjust for relative permit values, but marginal abatement cost equalization is sacrificed. Still, that... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Permit allocation; Tradable performance standards; Climate; Greenhouse gases; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H3; Q2; Q48. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10713 |
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| Kruger, Joseph. |
| Much has been written about the economic and environmental performance of U.S. emissions trading programs for "acid rain" (sulfur dioxide) and nitrogen oxides. Less explored have been the unique roles and interactions of environmental regulators and the companies they regulate. I first examine how these roles change the way that regulators and companies operate within their own organizations and with each other. Next, I use examples from U.S. trading programs to illustrate the design and administrative features that allow program administrators and industry to best fulfill their respective roles. Finally, I examine briefly whether these features are present in the EU Emissions Trading System and determine the implications for its effectiveness. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Climate change; Environmental management; Information technology; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10489 |
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| Ribaudo, Marc; Ghosh, Gaurav S.; Shortle, James S.. |
| The Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are promoting point/nonpoint trading as a way of reducing the costs of meeting water quality goals while giving nonpoint sources a larger role in meeting those goals. Farms can create offsets or credits in a point/nonpoint trading program by implementing management practices such as conservation tillage, nutrient management, and buffer strips. To be eligible to sell credits, farmers must first comply with baseline requirements. The EPA defines a baseline as the pollutant control requirements that apply to a seller in the absence of trading. EPA guidance recommends that the baseline for nonpoint sources be management practices that are consistent with the water quality goal. A... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Emissions trading; Management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49258 |
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| Nelson, Peter. |
| The 1999 National Telecommuting and Air Quality Act created pilot programs in five metropolitan areas in the United States to examine whether a particular type of economic incentive, tradable emissions credits created from telecommuting, represents a viable strategy for reducing vehicle miles traveled and improving air quality (H.R. 2094, 2000). Under the ecommute program, companies could generate emissions credits by reducing the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) of their workforce through telework programs. They would then be able to sell the credits to firms that needed the reductions to comply with air quality regulations. This paper provides some context for evaluating whether such a trading scheme represents a feasible approach to reducing mobile source... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Telecommuting; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; R4; Q53; Q58. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10884 |
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| Pezzey, John C.V.; Jotzo, Frank; Quiggin, John C.. |
| Effective climate policy requires global emissions of greenhouse gases to be cut substantially, which in energy sectors can be achieved by lower emissions supply technologies, greater energy use efficiency, and substitution in demand. For policy to be efficient requires fairly uniform, pervasive emission pricing from taxes, permit trading, or hybrid combinations of the two, as well as significant government support for low-emission technologies. We compare the kind of technology-focused climate policies currently adopted by Australia and the USA, the 'Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate' (AP6), against this ideal policy yardstick. We find they omit the need for emission pricing to achieve abatement effectively and efficiently; they... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Abatement; Emission taxes; Emissions trading; Technology policy; Innovation; Asia-Pacific Partnership; AP6; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10395 |
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| Kruger, Joseph. |
| Cap-and-trade programs have become widely accepted for the control of conventional air pollution in the United States. However, there is still no political consensus to use these programs to address greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, in the wake of the success of the U.S. SO2 and NOx trading programs, private companies, state governments, and the European Union are developing new trading programs or other initiatives that may set precedents for a future national U.S. greenhouse gas trading scheme. This paper summarizes the literature on the "lessons learned" from the SO2 trading program for greenhouse gas trading, including lessons about the potential differences in design that may be necessary because of the different sources, science, mitigation options, and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; European Union; U.S. states; Corporate environmentalism; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10819 |
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| Registros recuperados: 41 | |
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